Dental Materials
Volume 26, Issue 3 , Pages 264-273, March 2010

Bond strength and interfacial characterization of eight low fusing porcelains to cp Ti

  • S. Zinelis

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi 115 27, Athens, Greece
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +30 2107461102; fax: +30 2107461306.
    • ,
  • X. Barmpagadaki

      Affiliations

    • Private practice, Athens, Greece
    • Commercial Dental Technician.
    • ,
  • V. Vergos

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dental Technology, School of Health and Care Profession, Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • M. Chakmakchi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi 115 27, Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • G. Eliades

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, Goudi 115 27, Athens, Greece

Received 5 June 2009; received in revised form 24 September 2009; accepted 5 November 2009.

Abstract 

Objectives

The aim of this study was the interfacial characterization and the determination of bond strength of commercially available low fusing dental porcelain for Ti.

Methods

Eight materials were included in this study: Duceratin, Duceratin Plus, Initial Ti, Ti-22, TiKrom, TitanKeramik, Triceram (powder) and Triceram (paste). Eight ISO 9693 bond characterization specimens from each porcelain were prepared according to manufacturers’ instructions. One specimen from each group was embedded in acrylic resin and after metallographic preparation was studied under an SEM. Interfacial characterization was carried out with Backscattered Electron Imaging and X-ray EDS analysis operating in line scan mode. Metal–ceramic specimens were tested in three point bending at a crosshead speed of 1.5mm/min according to ISO 9693 requirements. Additionally the fracture mode (adhesive–cohesive) of all specimens was evaluated employing SEM/EDS analysis. The results of bond strength and adhesive percentage were statistically analysed with one-way ANOVA and SNK multiple comparison test (a=0.05). Additionally the possible correlation between the bond strength and fracture mode was also tested using Pearson test.

Results

Interfacial characterization showed the mutual diffusion of Ti, Si, O and La along the Ti–ceramic interface. Only in Tricerap (paste) Zr showed an increased concentration at the interface. The results of bond strength classified the materials in the following decreasing order: TiKrom>Duceratin>InitialTi>Duceratin Plus>Ti-22>Triceram(paste)>Triceram(powder)>TitanKeramik. No correlation (r=0.132) between the fracture mode and bond strength of the selected material denoting that the fracture mode is irrelevant with the bond strength of Ti–ceramic joint and thus the former should not be applied for comparison among different materials.

Significance

According to the results of this study the materials tested provided great difference in interfacial analysis and bond strength with metallic Ti.

Keywords: Metal–ceramic, Ti porcelain, Three point bending, SEM/EDS, Interfacial characterization

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PII: S0109-5641(09)00339-X

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.004

Dental Materials
Volume 26, Issue 3 , Pages 264-273, March 2010

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