Dental Materials
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 760-770 , June 2009

R-curve behavior and toughening mechanisms of resin-based dental composites: Effects of hydration and post-cure heat treatment

  • M.B. Shah

      Affiliations

    • Materials Science, School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
  • ,
  • J.L. Ferracane

      Affiliations

    • Division of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
  • ,
  • J.J. Kruzic

      Affiliations

    • Materials Science, School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Oregon State University, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. Tel.: +1 541 737 7027; fax: +1 541 737 2600.

Received 24 October 2008 ,Revised 16 December 2008 ,Accepted 19 December 2008.

References 

  1. Manhart J, Kunzelmann KH, Chen HY, Hickel R. Mechanical properties of new composite restorative materials. J Biomed Mater Res B. 2000;53:353–361
  2. Zhao D, Botsis J, Drummond JL. Fracture studies of selected dental restorative composites. Dent Mater. 1997;13:198–207
  3. Ferracane JL, Antonio RC, Matsumoto H. Variables affecting the fracture toughness of dental composites. J Dent Res. 1987;66:1140–1145
  4. Kovarik RE, Fairhurst CW. Effect of Griffith precracks on measurement of composite fracture toughness. Dent Mater. 1993;9:222–228
  5. Anderson TL. Fracture mechanics: fundamentals and applications. CRC, Taylor and Francis Group; 2005;
  6. Shah MB, Ferracane JL, Kruzic JJ. R-curve behavior and micromechanisms of fracture in resin based dental restorative composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater (in press), doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.12.005.
  7. Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Mechanistic aspects of fracture and R-curve behavior in human cortical bone. Biomaterials. 2005;26:217–231
  8. Kruzic JJ, Nalla RK, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Crack blunting, crack bridging and resistance-curve fracture mechanics in dentin: effect of hydration. Biomaterials. 2003;24:5209–5221
  9. Moon RJ, Hoffman M, Hilden J, Bowman KJ, Trumble KP, Rödel J. R-Curve behavior in alumina-zirconia composites with repeating graded layers. Eng Fract Mech. 2002;69:1647–1665
  10. Fischer H, Rentzsch W, Marx R. R-Curve behavior of dental ceramic materials. J Dent Res. 2002;81:547–551
  11. Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Ritchie RO. On the origin of the toughness of mineralized tissue: microcracking or crack bridging?. Bone. 2004;34:790–798
  12. Evans AG, Heuer AH. Transformation toughening in ceramics: martensitic transformations in crack-tip stress-fields. J Am Ceram Soc. 1980;63:241–248
  13. Munz D, Fett T. Ceramics: mechanical properties, failure behaviour, materials selection. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag; 2001;
  14. Schütt A, Bürki G, Schwaller P, Michler J, Cattani-Lorente M, Vallitu P, et al. Mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced dental composites subjected to hydrothermal and mechanical ageing. Eur Cell Mater. 2004;7:55–56
  15. Lohbauer U, Frankenberger R, Kramer N, Petschelt A. Time-dependent strength and fatigue resistance of dental direct restorative materials. J Mater Sci – Mater Med. 2003;14:1047–1053
  16. Lagouvardos PE, Pissis P, Kyritsis A, Daoukaki D. Water sorption and water-induced molecular mobility in dental composite resins. J Mater Sci – Mater Med. 2003;14:753–759
  17. Ferracane JL, Marker VA. Solvent degradation and reduced fracture toughness in aged composites. J Dent Res. 1992;71:13–19
  18. Calais JG, Söderholm KJM. Influence of filler type and water exposure on flexural strength of experimental composite resins. J Dent Res. 1988;67:836–840
  19. Söderholm KJM, Zigan M, Ragan M, Fischlschweiger W, Bergman M. Hydrolytic degradation of dental composites. J Dent Res. 1984;63:1248–1254
  20. Xu HHK. Long-term water-aging of whisker-reinforced polymer-matrix composites. J Dent Res. 2003;82:48–52
  21. Martos J, Osinaga P, Oliveira E, Castro L. Hydrolytic degradation of composite resins: effects on the microhardness. Mater Res. 2003;6:599–604
  22. Pilliar RM, Smith DC, Mario B. Fracture toughness of dental composites determined using short-rod fracture toughness test. J Dent Res. 1986;65:1308–1314
  23. Ferracane JL, Berge HX, Condon JR. In vitro aging of dental composites in water-effect of degree of conversion, filler volume, and filler/matrix coupling. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998;42:465–472
  24. Musanje L, Ferracane JL. Effects of resin formulation and nanofiller surface treatment on the properties of experimental hybrid resin composite. Biomaterials. 2004;25:4065–4071
  25. Indrani DJ, Cook WD, Televantos F, Tyas MJ, Harcourt JK. Fracture toughness of water-aged resin composite restorative materials. Dent Mater. 1995;11:201–207
  26. Trujillo M, Newman SM, Stansbury JW. Use of near-IR to monitor the influence of external heating on dental composite photopolymerization. Dent Mater. 2004;20:766–777
  27. Ferracane JL, Condon JR. Post-cure heat treatments for composites: properties and fractography. Dent Mater. 1992;8:290–295
  28. de Gee AJ, Pallav P, Werner A, Davidson CL. Annealing as a mechanism of increasing wear resistance of composites. Dent Mater. 1990;6:266–270
  29. Bagis YH, Rueggeberg FA. The effect of post-cure heating on residual, unreacted monomer in a commercial resin composite. Dent Mater. 2000;16:244–247
  30. Rueggeberg FA. From vulcanite to vinyl, a history of resins in restorative dentistry. J Prosthet Dent. 2002;87:364–379
  31. Cook WD, Johannson M. The influence of postcuring on the fracture properties of photo-cured dimethacrylate based dental composite resin. J Biomed Mater Res. 1987;21:979–989
  32. Yamaga T, Sato Y, Akagawa Y, Taira M, Wakasa K, Yamaka M. Effects of post-curing by light and heat on hardness and fracture toughness of four commercial visible-light-cured dental composite resins for crown and bridge veneers. J Mater Sci Lett. 1994;13:1494–1496
  33. Newman JC. Stress-intensity factors and crack-opening displacements for round compact specimens. Inter J Fract. 1981;17:567–578
  34. Murakami Y. Stress Intensity Factors Handbook. Pergamon Press; 1987;p. 640
  35. Palin WM, Fleming GJP, Burke FJT, Marquis PM, Randall RC. The influence of short and medium-term water immersion on the hydrolytic stability of novel low-shrink dental composites. Dent Mater. 2005;21:852–863
  36. Mayworm CD, da Rocha-Leão MHM, Bastian FL. in 2nd Mercosur Congress on Chemical Engineering, 4th Mercosur Congress on Process Systems Engineering. 2005 of Conference. p.1–9.
  37. Chung SM, Yap AUJ, Koh WK, Tsai KT, Lim CT. Measurement of Poisson's ratio of dental composite restorative materials. Biomaterials. 2004;25:2455–2460
  38. Papadogiannis DY, Lakes RS, Papadogiannis Y, Palaghias G, Helvatjoglu-Antoniades M. The effect of temperature on the viscoelastic properties of nano-hybrid composites. Dent Mater. 2008;24:257–266
  39. Ferracane JL, Hopkin JK, Condon JR. Properties of heat-treated composites after aging in water. Dent Mater. 1995;11:354–358
  40. Curtis AR, Shortall AC, Marquis PM, Palin WM. Water uptake and strength characteristics of a nanofilled resin-based composite. J Dent. 2008;36:186–193
  41. Rodrigues SA, Ferracane JL, Della Bona A. Flexural strength and Weibull analysis of a microhybrid and a nanofill composite evaluated by 3- and 4-point bending tests. Dent Mater. 2008;24:426–431
  42. Ortengren U, Wellendorf H, Karlsson S, Ruyter I. Water sorption and solubility of dental composites and identification of monomers released in an aqueous environment. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28:1106–1115
  43. International Standards Organization ISO 4049. Dentistry-Polymer-based filling, restorative and luting materials. 2000.
  44. Lohbauer U, Frankenberger R, Kramer N, Petschelt A. Strength and fatigue performance versus filler fraction of different types of direct dental restoratives. J Biomed Mater Res B. 2006;76B:114–120
  45. Mitra SB, Wu D, Holmes BN. An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134:1382–1390
  46. Söderholm KJM, Roberts MJ. Influence of water exposure on the tensile strength of composites. J Dent Res. 1990;69:1812–1816
  47. Ferracane JL. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dent Mater. 2006;22:211–222
  48. Drummond JL. Degradation, fatigue, and failure of resin dental composite materials. J Dent Res. 2008;87:710–719
  49. Kruzic JJ, Satet RL, Hoffmann MJ, Cannon RM, Ritchie RO. The utility of R-curves for understanding fracture toughness-strength relations in bridging ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2008;91:1986–1994
  50. Kruzic JJ, Cannon RM, Ritchie RO. Effects of moisture on grain-boundary strength, fracture and fatigue properties of alumina. J Am Ceram Soc. 2005;88:2236–2245
  51. Chan KS, Lee YD, Nicolella DP, Furman BR, Wellinghoff S, Rawls R. Improving fracture toughness of dental nanocomposites by interface engineering and micromechanics. Eng Fract Mech. 2007;74:1857–1871

PII: S0109-5641(08)00305-9

doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.12.004

Dental Materials
Volume 25, Issue 6 , Pages 760-770 , June 2009