Dental Materials
Volume 25, Issue 4 , Pages 431-441, April 2009

The development and testing of glaze materials for application to the fit surface of dental ceramic restorations

  • Michael J. Cattell

      Affiliations

    • Centre for Adult Oral Health, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, Turner Street, Whitechapel E1 2AD, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 2073777000x2160; fax: +44 2073777375.
    • ,
  • Thomas C. Chadwick

      Affiliations

    • 496 Alegre Avenue, Nipomo, CA 93444, USA
    • ,
  • Jonathan C. Knowles

      Affiliations

    • Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
    • ,
  • Richard L. Clarke

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomaterials in Relation to Dentistry, Francis Bancroft Building, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK

Received 4 June 2008; received in revised form 22 August 2008; accepted 25 September 2008.

Abstract 

Objectives

The aims of the study were to develop and test overglaze materials for application to the fit surface of dental ceramic restorations, which could be etched and adhesively bonded and increase the flexural strength of the ceramic substrate.

Methods

Three glaze materials were developed using commercial glass powders (P25 and P54, Pemco, Canada). P25 (90wt%) was mixed with P54 (10wt%) to produce (P25/P54). P54 (90wt%) was mixed with P25 (10wt%) to produce (P54/P25). P25 (90wt%) was mixed with 10wt% of an experimental glass powder (P25/frit). Eighty-two disc specimens (14mm×2mm) were produced by heat pressing a leucite glass–ceramic and were sandblasted with 50μm glass beads. Group 1 control specimens (10) were sandblasted. Groups 2–4 (10 per group) were coated using P25/frit (Group 2), P25/P54 (Group 3) and P54/P25 (Group 4) overglazes before sintering. Groups 1–4 were etched for 2min using 9.5% HF (Gresco, USA). Composite cylinders (Marathon® v, Den-Mat) were light cured and bonded to the glazed and prepared disc surfaces and groups water stored for 8 days. Groups were tested using shear bond strength (SBS) testing at 0.5mm/min. Disc specimens (42) were tested using the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test at a crosshead speed of 0.15mm/min. Group 1 was tested as sandblasted (21) and Group 2 (21) after coating the tensile surface with P25/frit. Xrd, Eds and Sem analyzes were carried out.

Results

Mean SBS (MPa±S.D.) were: Group 1: 10.7±2.1; Group 2: 9.8±1.9; Group 3: 1.8±1.0 and Group 4: 2.6±1.7. Groups 1 and 2 were statistically different to Groups 3 and 4 (p<0.001), but there was no difference between Groups 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 (p>0.05). The mean BFS (MPa±S.D.) of the overglazed Group 2 (200.2±22.9) was statistically different (p<0.001) to Group 1 (150.4±14.3).

Significance

The P25/frit overglaze significantly (p<0.001) increased the biaxial flexural strength of the leucite glass–ceramic substrate and produced comparable shear bond strengths to an etched and bonded control. The application of etched overglaze materials to dental glass–ceramic and ceramic substrates may be useful in adhesive dentistry.

Keywords: Ceramics, Leucite, Glaze, Microscopy, X-ray diffraction

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PII: S0109-5641(08)00236-4

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2008.09.004

Dental Materials
Volume 25, Issue 4 , Pages 431-441, April 2009

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