Modification of glass fibers to improve reinforcement: A plasma polymerization technique

Çökeliler, Dilek; Erkut, Selim; Zemek, Josef; Biederman, Hynek; Mutlu, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2006.01.023

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Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 335-342, March 2007

Modification of glass fibers to improve reinforcement: A plasma polymerization technique

Dilek Çökeliler
- Plasma Aided Bioengineering and Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
Selim Erkut
- Department of Prosthodontics, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
Josef Zemek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Hynek Biederman
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Mehmet Mutlu
- Plasma Aided Bioengineering and Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
- Plasma Aided Bioengineering and Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Bioengineering Division, Institute for Pure and Applied Sciences, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 312 297 7103; fax: +90 312 299 2123.

Received 19 April 2005; received in revised form 23 October 2005; accepted 5 January 2006.

Abstract

Objectives

This study evaluates the effect of plasma treated E-glass fiber to improve the mechanical properties of acrylic resin denture base material, polymethylmethacrlyate (PMMA). Plasma surface treatment of fibers is used as reinforcement in composite materials to modify the chemical and physical properties of their surfaces with tailored fiber–matrix bonding strength.

Methods

Three different types of monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethyleneglycoldimethylether (TEGDME) and ethylenediamine (EDA) were used in the plasma polymerization modification of glass fibers. A radiofrequency generator was used to sustain plasma in a glass vacuum chamber. Glass fibers were modified at the same glow-discharge power of 25W and exposure time of 30min for each monomer. Fibers were incorporated into the acrylic with 1% (w/w) loading except control group. Specimens were prepared using a standard mold of 3cm×0.5cm×0.8cm in dimension with eight specimens in each group. Samples were subjected to a flexural strength test set up at a crosshead speed of 5mm/min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for chemical analysis of the surface.

Results

Data were analyzed by means of ANOVA and Duncan's tests. Test results revealed that fiber reinforcement had a significant effect on the flexural strength of the specimens (p<0.05). Among the fiber reinforced groups, plasma treatment with EDA monomer resulted in the most significant increase in flexural strength values (p<0.05). XPS results have shown an increasing number of nitrogenous compounds in EDA treated fibers. The chemical structure of the surface, especially with the increase in nitrogenous compounds could give an idea for the amine film deposition and SEM figures showed an increase in surface roughness.

Significance

The results showed that plasma treatment with EDA monomer was an effective alternative method of increasing the flexural strength of PMMA based denture base polymers through fiber reinforcement.

Keywords: Plasma polymerization, Glow-discharge, E-glass fibers, Ethylendiamine, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Triethyleneglycoldimethylether, Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC)