Bonding effectiveness of adhesive luting agents to enamel and dentin

Hikita, K.; Van Meerbeek, B.; De Munck, J.; Ikeda, T.; Van Landuyt, K.; Maida, T.; Lambrechts, P.; Peumans, M.

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2005.12.002

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Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 71-80, January 2007

Bonding effectiveness of adhesive luting agents to enamel and dentin

K. Hikita
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Medical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita-ku, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan
B. Van Meerbeek
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
J. De Munck
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
T. Ikeda
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Section of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
K. Van Landuyt
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
T. Maida
- Institute of Medical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita-ku, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan
P. Lambrechts
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
M. Peumans
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 16 33 27 44; fax: +32 16 33 27 52.

Received 18 July 2005; received in revised form 1 December 2005; accepted 1 December 2005. published online 20 January 2006.

Abstract

Objectives

The bonding effectiveness of five adhesive luting agents to enamel and dentin using different application procedures was determined using a micro-tensile bond strength protocol (μTBS).

Methods

Enamel/dentin surfaces of human third molars were flattened using a high-speed diamond bur. Composite resin blocks (Paradigm, 3M ESPE) were luted using either Linkmax (LM; GC), Nexus 2 (NX; Kerr), Panavia F (PN; Kuraray), RelyX Unicem (UN; 3M ESPE) or Variolink II (VL; Ivoclar-Vivadent), strictly following manufacturers’ instructions. For some luting agents, modified application procedures were also tested, resulting in four other experimental groups: Prompt L-Pop+RelyX Unicem (PLP+UN; 3M ESPE), Scotchbond Etchant+RelyX Unicem (SE+UN; 3M ESPE), Optibond Solo Plus Activator+Nexus 2 (ACT+NX; Kerr) and K-Etchant gel+Panavia-F (KE+P; Kuraray). The experimental groups were classified according to the adhesive approach in self-adhesive (UN), etch-and-rinse (ACT+NX, NX, KE+P, SE+UN and VL when bonded to enamel) and self-etch adhesive luting agents (LM, PLP+UN, PN and VL when bonded to dentin). The specimens were stored for 24h in distilled water at 37°C prior to μTBS testing. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine pairwise statistical differences (p<0.05) in μTBS between the experimental groups.

Results

When bonded to enamel, ACT+NX (15MPa) and UN (19.6MPa) scored significantly lower than VL (49.3MPa), LM (49.2MPa), PN (35.4MPa) and SE+UN (35.2MPa), while PLP+UN (23.5MPa) showed a significantly lower μTBS than VL (49.3MPa) and LM (49.2MPa). No significant differences were noticed between VL (49.3MPa), LM (49.2MPa), NX (37.9MPa), KE+PN (38.8MPa), PN (35.4MPa) and SE+UN (35.2MPa). Regarding the bonding effectiveness to dentin, all luting agents bonded equally effectively (UN: 15.9MPa; LM: 15.4MPa; PN: 17.5MPa; NX: 22.3MPa), except VL (1.1MPa), SE+UN (5.9MPa) and ACT+NX (13.2MPa). VL revealed an exceptionally high number of pre-testing failures, most likely due to a combined effect of not having cured the adhesive separately and an insufficiently light-cured luting agent.

Significance

Following a correct application procedure, the etch-and-rinse, self-etch and self-adhesive luting agents are equally effective in bonding to enamel and dentin. Several factors negatively influenced bond strength such as bonding RelyX Unicem to enamel without prior phosphoric acid etching; no separate light-curing of a light-polymerizable adhesive prior to cementation, use of a light-polymerizing adhesive converted into a dual-polymerizing adhesive, and use of a dual-cure luting agent with a low auto-polymerizable potential.

Keywords: Adhesion, Resin cement, Micro-tensile bond strength, Indirect resin composite, CAD/CAM