Dental Materials
Volume 22, Issue 8 , Pages 735-745, August 2006

Physical properties and microstructural characterization of dental porcelains mixed with distilled water and modeling liquid

  • G. Sınmazışık

      Affiliations

    • Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University, Nişantaşı, Istanbul, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Vocational School of Health Related Professions, Marmara University, Büyükçiftlik sok. No: 6, Nişantaşı, Istanbul, Turkey. Tel.: +90 212 234 2526; fax: +90 234 2526.
    • ,
  • M.L. Öveçoğlu

      Affiliations

    • Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey

Received 19 April 2005; received in revised form 4 August 2005; accepted 10 August 2005.

Abstract 

Objective

The aim of this study was to microstructurally characterize and to make comparisons of the physical properties of sintered dental porcelains prepared by mixing with distilled water and with their modeling liquid.

Methods

Six commercial porcelain powders: IPS Classic (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), IPS d.SIGN (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), IPS InLine (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), Vita VMK95 (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany), Vita OMEGA 900 (Vita) and Ceramco III (Ceramco-Dentsply, Burlington, NJ, USA) were used as starting powders. Following particle size and BET analyses of starting powders, each porcelain powder was mixed with distilled water and with its own modeling liquid. Disc specimens were sintered in accordance with each manufacturer's instructions. Specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and SEM analysis and their physical properties such as bulk density, microhardness and biaxial flexural strength were determined.

Results

The sintered dental porcelains premixed with modeling liquid had density, biaxial flexural strength and microhardness values slightly higher than those premixed with distilled water. Mixing with distilled water and modeling liquid caused statistically significant differences between the density values of Vita VMK 95 and microhardness values of IPS d.SIGN and IPS InLine. Characterization investigations (XRD and SEM) revealed the coexistence of the tetragonal leucite (1–3μm) and hexagonal fluorapatite crystals (0.4–1.2μm) in a feldspathic glassy matrix in the microstructure of IPS d.SIGN and only leucite crystals (3–6μm) in the microstructures of other porcelains.

Significance

Mixing the porcelain powders with distilled water or modeling liquid prior to sintering has no effect on the resultant sintered crystalline microstructure. On the other hand, significant differences exist between the physical properties of some porcelains.

Keywords: Dental porcelain, Modeling liquid, Leucite, Fluorapatite, Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Flexural strength

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PII: S0109-5641(05)00270-8

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2005.08.007

Dental Materials
Volume 22, Issue 8 , Pages 735-745, August 2006

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